How to Become a Librarian with a MLS or MLIS Degree
Learn how to become a librarian with a Master’s in Library Science
- How to Become a Librarian with a MLS or MLIS Degree
- What Education is Necessary to Become a Librarian?
- State-Specific Differences: Certification and Education Requirements for Librarians
- Where Do Librarians Work?
- Job Competition For Librarian Roles
- Research MLS and MLIS Programs Diligently
- Get a Job in the Public Library
- How to Become a Librarian FAQs
How to Become a Librarian with a MLS or MLIS Degree
Pursuing a career as a librarian with a Master’s in Library Science (MLS) or Master’s in Library and Information Science (MLIS) opens doors to a variety of professional opportunities. However, the path to becoming a librarian requires careful planning, education, and in many cases, certifications tailored to specific states or library roles. Here’s a step-by-step guide to navigating this rewarding career.
What Education is Necessary to Become a Librarian?
The standard requirement to become a librarian is a Master’s in Library Science (MLS) or Master’s in Library and Information Science (MLIS) from an ALA-accredited program. However, educational and certification requirements can vary depending on the state and the specific type of librarian role.
General Requirements:
- Bachelor’s Degree: Typically in any field, although some programs prefer related fields like literature, education, or information technology. The first step in becoming a librarian is earning a bachelor’s degree. While any major is acceptable, degrees in English, history, education, or information technology provide a solid foundation. During this time, gaining experience through library assistant roles or internships can enhance your understanding of the field.
- MLS or MLIS Degree: Accredited by the American Library Association (ALA), these programs include coursework in cataloging, reference services, library management, and digital information systems. Enrolling in an MLS or MLIS program accredited by the ALA is the next critical step. Programs typically take 1-2 years to complete. Some programs offer specializations like public librarianship, archival studies, or school librarianship to tailor your degree to specific career goals.
State-Specific Differences: Certification and Education Requirements for Librarians
Each state has unique requirements for librarians, ranging from specific certifications and continuing education hours to teaching credentials and specialized coursework. Understanding the state-by-state differences is essential for meeting the educational and certification standards in the region where you intend to work. Below is a comprehensive overview of requirements for all 50 states:
Alabama
Certification: Library directors must attend 4 continuing education (CE) meetings annually.
Alaska
Certification: Library directors are required to complete 1 CE program approved by a state librarian annually.
Arizona
- Certification: High school diploma or GED plus:
- 2,000 hours of paid or unpaid library work.
- 162 contact hours of documented training in Core Competencies (e.g., Foundations, Administration, Technology) within 5 years.
- Renewal requires 45 additional contact hours every 3 years.
Arkansas
- Certification: MLS or MLIS preferred but not mandatory for public librarians. Some positions require library science coursework.
California
- Certification: Requires a valid teaching credential and completion of the Teacher Librarian Services Credential program or an MLS.
- School librarians must meet California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CCTC) standards, including fieldwork and CE requirements.
Colorado
- Certification: High school diploma or GED plus:
- 2,000 hours of library work within 5 years.
- 240 contact hours in Core Competencies.
- Renewal requires 45 contact hours every 3 years.
Connecticut
- Certification:
- Towns with populations over 5,000 require MLS-qualified library directors.
- Smaller towns may accept directors with demonstrable training in library science.
- MLS librarians are preferred for children’s, teen, and adult services.
Delaware
- Certification: MLS or MLIS preferred but not mandatory. Public library staff must complete orientation and CE training as required by the state.
Florida
- Certification: MLS required for most positions. Public librarians must meet state library board standards.
Georgia
- Certification: MLS or MLIS required.
- Renewal requires 10 hours of CE during the two-year period before renewal.
Hawaii
- Certification: MLS or MLIS required for public librarians. Library staff must meet state employment standards for civil service roles.
Idaho
- Certification: No state certification is required for public librarians, though MLS is preferred for larger libraries.
Illinois
- Certification: MLS is standard for public librarians. State library board establishes additional guidelines.
Indiana
- Certification: Requires:
- Graduation from an accredited university.
- An accredited MLIS.
- 10 years of library experience, including 3 years in a supervisory role post-degree.
Iowa
- Certification: MLS preferred.
- Renewal requires 45 contact hours of CE during the certification period.
Kansas
- Certification Levels:
- Level 1: High school diploma + 5 years of library experience.
- Level 2: 24 semester hours or 200 contact hours.
- Level 3: Undergraduate degree or 400 contact hours.
- Level 4: MLS required.
- Renewal: 45 contact hours every 3 years.
Kentucky
- Certification: ALA-accredited MLIS required.
- Renewal: 100 contact hours for professionals and paraprofessionals; 50 contact hours for individuals with library experience.
Louisiana
- Certification: MLS preferred but not mandatory for public librarians. CE encouraged.
Maine
- Certification: MLS required for most public library directors. Smaller towns may accept a bachelor’s degree.
Maryland
- Certification: Accredited MLIS required.
- Renewal requires 6 semester hours from accredited institutions or CE programs.
Massachusetts
- Certification:
- MLS or a valid librarian certificate issued by another state.
- Certifications have no expiration date.
Michigan
- Certification: Requires:
- Regionally accredited bachelor’s degree or MLS from an ALA-accredited program.
- 4 years of library experience preferred.
Minnesota
- Certification: Requires 60 CE contact hours during the certification period.
Mississippi
- Certification: MLS or MLIS required for public librarians, depending on the library size.
Missouri
- Certification: No state requirements for public librarians; MLS is encouraged for large libraries.
Montana
- Certification:
- Minimum 60 credits, including 20 in Library Administration.
- Renewal requires the same credit structure every 5 years.
Nebraska
- Certification:
- MLS required for top-level positions.
- Basic skills coursework + 20 additional CE hours acceptable for some roles.
- Renewal requires 45 credits every 3 years.
Nevada
- Certification: Requires 21 semester hours from an accredited college, including coursework in:
- Library Administration
- Bibliography and Reference
- Cataloging
- Literature for Children and Young Adults
New Hampshire
- Certification: No state certification required; MLS is standard for many roles.
New Jersey
- Certification: MLS required. Certification has no expiration date.
New Mexico
- Certification: Requires MLS from an ALA-accredited program.
New York
- Certification:
- ALA-accredited MLS required.
- Conditional certification available with six graduate credits.
- Renewal requires 60 CE hours every 5 years.
North Carolina
- Certification: MLS required. Certification does not expire.
Ohio
- Certification: MLS required.
- Renewal: 100 CE contact hours during a 5-year period.
Oklahoma
- Certification: MLS required.
- Renewal: 4 CEUs, 3 college credits, or completion of advanced training.
Oregon
- Certification: MLS recommended for public library directors; no mandatory certification for other roles.
Pennsylvania
- Certification:
- Library directors: 8 CE hours annually.
- Staff working 20+ hours: 6 CE hours annually.
Rhode Island
- Certification: MLS required. Renewal requires 1 CE event annually.
South Carolina
- Certification:
- Accredited MLIS required.
- CE recommended but not mandatory for renewal.
South Dakota
- Certification:
- MLS required for higher-level positions.
- Renewal: 20 CE hours every 4 years.
Tennessee
- Certification: MLS required.
- Library directors: 4 CE programs annually.
- Library staff: 1 CE program annually.
Texas
- Certification: MLS required. CE programs encouraged for professional development.
Utah
- Certification: MLS or completion of UPLIFT Program.
Vermont
- Certification: Requires 150 credits completed within 5 years.
Virginia
- Certification: MLS required for libraries serving populations over 13,000.
Washington
- Certification: MLS or equivalent required. Certification granted through Washington State Library Program.
West Virginia
- Certification:
- Directors: 8 CE hours annually.
- Staff: 3 CE hours annually.
Wisconsin
- Certification:
- BA/BS or MLS required.
- Renewal requires 100 CE contact hours.
Where Do Librarians Work?
Librarians work in a variety of environments, each requiring specific skills and expertise.
- Public Libraries: Support community education by providing access to books, digital resources, and programming for diverse audiences.
- Academic Libraries: Aid students and faculty with research, reference materials, and specialized academic resources in universities and colleges.
- School Libraries: Focus on fostering literacy and research skills for K-12 students while collaborating with teachers to integrate library resources into the curriculum.
- Corporate Libraries: Manage proprietary information and assist with internal research for companies.
- Special Libraries: Serve unique populations such as legal professionals, healthcare providers, and government agencies with tailored resources and services.
- Archives and Museums: Preserve and organize historical records, rare collections, and cultural artifacts.
Job Competition For Librarian Roles
The job market for librarians is competitive, with employment projected to grow 3% from 2023 to 2033, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Approximately 13,300 librarian positions open annually, often due to retirements and job transitions. Key strategies to stand out include:
- Gaining experience through internships or entry-level positions.
- Specializing in areas like digital libraries, law librarianship, or archival studies.
- Pursuing certifications and continuing education to stay competitive.
Research MLS and MLIS Programs Diligently
When choosing an MLS or MLIS program, consider the following:
- Accreditation: Ensure the program is ALA-accredited for better job prospects.
Format: Online, in-person, or hybrid options offer varying levels of flexibility. - Cost: Look for affordable options or those offering scholarships and financial aid.
- Specializations: Align the program’s offerings with your career goals, such as academic librarianship or digital curation.
Get a Job in the Public Library
Starting as a library assistant or technician in a public library is an excellent way to gain practical experience. Public libraries often provide entry-level opportunities that allow you to:
- Develop customer service skills.
- Gain experience in cataloging and reference services.
- Learn about library technologies and management.
How to Become a Librarian FAQs
Do I need a teaching certificate to be a librarian?
In some states, school librarians must hold a teaching certificate in addition to an MLS degree. This requirement is often paired with state-specific endorsements.
How long does it take to become a librarian?
Earning a bachelor’s degree takes about four years, and completing an MLS program typically takes 1-2 years, depending on the format and program requirements.
Is an MLIS degree worth it?
Yes. An MLIS degree opens doors to a wide range of careers, from public librarianship to specialized roles in law, healthcare, and academia.
What certifications do librarians need?
Certifications vary by state and role. School librarians often need library media endorsements, while public librarians may need CE credits or professional librarian certificates.