Library Science vs. Information Science: What’s the Difference?
As the world becomes increasingly driven by data and information, the fields of library science and information science are often discussed in tandem. While they share commonalities, these disciplines focus on different aspects of managing, organizing, and using information. Understanding the distinctions between library science and information science is crucial for anyone considering a career in these fields. This article explores the differences in focus, career opportunities, and degree pathways for each discipline.
Understanding Library Science
Library science is a field dedicated to the organization, management, and preservation of library resources. It has a strong emphasis on serving communities and facilitating access to information.
Key Areas of Focus:
- Collection Management: Acquiring, cataloging, and organizing books, journals, and digital resources.
- User Services: Assisting patrons with research and information retrieval.
- Preservation: Maintaining and protecting physical and digital collections.
- Community Engagement: Offering programs and services to support lifelong learning.
Career Opportunities:
Library science graduates often work in traditional library settings but may also find roles in:
- Public libraries
- Academic libraries
- School libraries
- Special libraries (e.g., corporate, legal, or medical)
- Archival institutions
Find a Master’s in Library Science Program Near You.
Understanding Information Science
Information science focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of managing information systems and technology. It emphasizes the design, development, and optimization of tools and processes for information storage, retrieval, and analysis.
Key Areas of Focus:
- Data Management: Organizing and analyzing large datasets.
- Information Systems Design: Developing tools for information storage and retrieval.
- Human-Computer Interaction: Studying how people interact with technology to improve usability.
- Emerging Technologies: Exploring innovations like artificial intelligence and machine learning in information management.
Career Opportunities:
Information science graduates often pursue technology-driven roles in various industries, such as:
- Data analytics
- Information architecture
- Knowledge management
- IT consulting
- UX design
Core Differences Between the Fields
Although library science and information science overlap in their emphasis on information management, their approaches and applications differ significantly:
| Aspect | Library Science | Information Science |
| Focus | Managing physical and digital collections | Designing systems for information storage/retrieval |
| Key Skills | Cataloging, reference services, community outreach | Data analysis, system development, usability design |
| Work Settings | Libraries, archives, educational institutions | Corporations, tech companies, government agencies |
| Career Orientation | Service-oriented | Technology and systems-oriented |
Degree Pathways
Library Science Degrees:
Most careers in library science require at least a master’s degree. Common degree options include:
- Bachelor’s Degree: While rare, some undergraduate programs offer library science concentrations. Many enter the field with degrees in related areas like English, history, or education.
- Master of Library Science (MLS): The MLS degree is a common educational route, and traditionally focuses on library science with a strong emphasis on traditional library skills and services.
- Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS): An MLIS degree is a standard credential for professional librarian roles, with more emphasis on information organization and information management.
- Doctor of Library Science (DLS): A doctorate is ideal for those pursuing academic or high-level administrative roles.
Learn more about MLS and MLIS degrees.
Information Science Degrees:
Careers in information science typically require degrees with a focus on technology and data management. Common pathways include:
- Bachelor’s Degree: Degrees in computer science, information systems, or data science are common entry points.
- Master of Information Science (MIS): This degree emphasizes advanced topics in data management, system design, and information theory.
- PhD in Information Science: A doctoral degree prepares individuals for research, academia, or leadership roles in the information field.
Choosing the Right Path for You
When deciding between library science and information science, consider your interests and career goals:
- If you enjoy working with people, organizing collections, and fostering community engagement, library science may be the right choice.
- If you are drawn to technology, data management, and system design, information science might be a better fit.
Some degree programs blend the two disciplines, allowing students to gain expertise in both areas. For instance, many MLIS programs offer courses in information technology, while MIS programs may include coursework on digital archiving.
